In essence, you can't over filter a tank.
Bio, you can only filter biologically what is there. Converting Ammonia into Nitrites and then into Nitrates. There is no threshold to filter more ammonia than is there. No harm here.
Mech, you can only remove from the water what is there. Trapping physical particles in filter media. There is no threshold for removing too much mechanical waste. No harm here.
It seems its not possible to over filter. One could, however, argue that the current created by filters could be too much for the fish. So the question we are really posing here is, too much current?