Juveniles spend the first 2 years of their lives in shallow waters and then migrate several kilometers offshore to join the shoals of adults. At 3 years of age, adults migrate inshore to spawn from May until August. Breeding males defend territories on rocks at great depths (20-50 meters). Spawning often takes place on an almost vertical surface. Females only spawn once each season. Brooding females school together and migrate closer inshore where they will eventually release their fry among the rocks in very shallow water.
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